Magoya bayan ramin jirgin karkashin kasa suna ci gaba da motsi yayin da rayuka suka dogara da shi. Ba kayan aiki ba ne - su ne layin farko na kariya daga hayaki, zafi, da haɓaka mai guba a lokacin gaggawa. Mun girka, gwadawa, da harbin matsala Subway Tarkle tsarin a cikin ayyukan metro 12 a duk fadin kasar Sin da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A cikin wani tsawaitawa na Beijing guda ɗaya, wani fan ɗin da ya gaza ya haifar da jinkirin iskar gaggawa na mintuna 47 a yayin wani atisayen gobarar da aka kwaikwayi—isasshen lokaci don matakan CO su ketare madaidaicin 300 ppm. Wannan lamarin ya sake fasalin yadda muke tantancewa, gwadawa, da ƙaddamar da waɗannan raka'a.
Me yasa Standard Fans Fassara Karkashin Kasa
Yawancin masu sha'awar masana'antu suna rushewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin jirgin ƙasa - ba daga kitse ba, amma daga manufar ƙira da ba ta dace ba. Babban maƙasudin axial fan na iya motsa 120,000 m³/h a 500 Pa a tsaye matsa lamba akan takarda. Amma a karkashin kasa? Yana fuskantar zafi na 85% duk shekara, iska mai ɗauke da chloride kusa da ramukan bakin teku, girgiza daga jiragen ƙasa masu wucewa (har zuwa 12 Hz a 0.8 mm amplitude), da gefen sifili don zazzagewar zafi. Mun ga injuna sun yi zafi a cikin kwanaki 90 saboda an ƙayyade aji F - amma yanayin ramin yanayi akai-akai yana kaiwa 52°C yayin aikin bazara.
Ainihin gazawar batu ba iskar iska ba ne - abin dogaro ne a ƙarƙashin damuwa mai yawa. Abubuwan buƙatu guda uku waɗanda ba za a iya sasantawa ba sun raba raka'a-darajar jirgin karkashin kasa daga hannun jari:
- Takaddun shaida mai hana fashewa (GB 3836.1-2021) don yankunan da ke da saurin methane ko musanyen ramin baturi
- Ci gaba da aiki IP55+ kariyar ingress, tare da siliki-rufe bearings da bakin-karfe fasteners
- Dynamic balance sa G2.5 ko mafi kyau, an tabbatar a 110% na max gudun aiki — ba kawai ƙididdiga gudun ba
Ba tare da duka ukun ba, zagayowar kulawa suna raguwa da kashi 60%. Abokin ciniki ɗaya yana maye gurbin magoya baya kowane watanni 14 har sai an canza zuwa ƙirar axial mai jujjuyawa tare da iska mai zaman kanta biyu. Sabuwar tazarar su: watanni 47.
Jerin FBD: An Gina Don Haƙiƙanin Ramin Ramin, Ba Lab Sheets ba
Jerin FBD (dⅠ) mai tabbatar da fashewar matsa lamba-alurar counter-juyawa axial kwararar iska ta gida tana warware abin da daidaitattun masu sha'awar rami suka yi watsi da su: sarrafa jagora da amsa ta wucin gadi. Taron na'ura mai juyi-mataki-biyu-na gaba da na baya suna jujjuyawa a cikin saɓani dabam-dabam-yana ba da ingantaccen aiki na 22% mafi girma fiye da daidaitattun matakan mataki guda a daidai girman hawan 1,800 Pa. Mafi mahimmanci, yana samun cikakkiyar iska a cikin daƙiƙa 2.3 na farawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci lokacin gano hayaki ya haifar da samun iska kafin ganuwa ya faɗi ƙasa da mita 10.
Ba kawai muna faɗin ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba - muna inganta su. Kowane rukunin FBD yana fuskantar:
- Gwajin fesa gishiri na awa 48 (ISO 9227) a 5% NaCl maida hankali
- Jimiri na jijjiga a 15 g mafi girman hanzari don hawan keke miliyan 10
- Thermal runaway simulation: iskar mota mai zafi zuwa 180 ° C, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya da sauri zuwa -20 ° C - maimaita sau 200
Wannan ba aikin injiniya ba ne. Yana daidaita kayan aiki da ambulaf ɗin aiki. Lokacin da gobarar rami ta kai 600°C, dole ne magoya bayan da ke kusa su tsira daga zafin rana mai tsawo don share hanyoyin tserewa. Raka'o'in FBD sun wuce gwaje-gwajen fallasa na mintuna 90 a zafin jiki na 750 ° C ba tare da nakasar tsari ba.
Keɓancewa Ba Na Zabi Ba — Physics ne ke buƙata
"Kashe-shelf" ba ya wanzu ga masu sha'awar ramin jirgin karkashin kasa. Diamita na rami, gradient, mitar jirgin ƙasa, da bayanin martabar lodin wuta suna ba da bayanin geometry na fan, ba ƙasidun talla ba. Ramin diamita na mita 5.8 tare da gradient 3% yana buƙatar jujjuyawar ruwa daban-daban da ƙimar cibiya fiye da ɓangarorin 4.2m - ko da duka biyun suna buƙatar 150,000 m³/h.
Muna fara kowane aiki tare da bayanan da aka tattara a fili-ba zato ba. Injiniyoyinmu sun auna:
- Yawancin yanayi (PM₁₀ da PM₂.₅) sama da awanni 72
- Ƙididdigar tushen CO₂ da NOₓ yayin sabis mafi girma
- Adadin magudanar ruwa a wuraren fanka
Wannan bayanan yana fitar da yanke shawara babu takamaiman takaddar da zai iya: ko don amfani da igiyoyin alloy na titanium (don juriya na chloride), ko don saka thermocouples a cikin iska (don tsinkayar rufewa), ko don haɗa sadarwar bas ɗin CAN don ba da rahoto na ainihin-lokaci ga SCADA. Ɗaya daga cikin rukunin yanar gizo na Guangzhou Line 11 ya buƙaci magoya bayan centrifugal masu jure lalata tare da Hastelloy C-276 casings-saboda ruwan ƙasa pH ya auna 3.2. Daidaitaccen karfen carbon zai lalace cikin watanni 11.
Dubi Bayan Fan—Duba Tsarin
Mai son ramin jirgin karkashin kasa yana da kyau kamar haɗin kai. Mun ga manyan magoya baya sun kasa kasa saboda ƙwanƙwasa masu hawa sun yi ƙarfi a 42 Hz-daidai mitar wucewar jiragen ƙasa 8. Gyaran ba sabon fan bane. An daidaita manyan dampers waɗanda aka welded cikin firam ɗin tallafi da keɓewa tare da juriya na 0.035 mm.
Aminci na gaskiya ya fito ne daga tunanin tsarin: ƙirar iska (ta amfani da ANSYS Fluent tare da ainihin ma'anar ramin rami), jiyya na sauti (don kiyaye amo a ƙasa 85 dBA a tashoshin mai aiki), da kuma gine-ginen redundancy (tsarin N + 1 tare da sauyawa ta atomatik a cikin <1.2 seconds). Kowane Zibo Hongcheng Subway Tarkle jiragen ruwa masu lanƙwasa-tsalle-tsalle, rahotannin murdiya masu jituwa, da taƙaitaccen gwajin dacewa na lantarki-ba alamar CE kaɗai ba.
Ba a samun dogaro a masana'anta. An tabbatar da shi a cikin ramin-rana bayan rana, aikin wuta bayan tashin wuta, shekaru goma bayan shekaru goma. Abin da ya sa muke ginawa don mafi munin canji, mafi zafi lokacin rani, da kuma katsewar wutar lantarki mafi tsayi. Domin lokacin da hayaki ya cika corridor, babu "mai kyau." Akwai kawai abin da ke aiki.
