Abalandeli bomhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba bagcina umoya uhamba lapho izimpilo zincike kuwo. Akuzona izinto eziyisipele—ziwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela entuthuni, ekushiseni, nasezindaweni ezinobuthi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Sifakile, sahlola, futhi saxazulula izinkinga Umthamo weTunway Subway izinhlelo kumaphrojekthi kamasipala we-12 kulo lonke elaseChina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kwesinye isandiso saseBeijing, umlandeli ohlulekile wabangela ukubambezeleka kokungena komoya okuphuthumayo imizuzu engama-47 ngesikhathi sokubhola umlilo okufanisiwe—isikhathi esanele sokuthi amazinga e-CO awele umkhawulo wokuphepha ongu-300 ppm. Leso sigameko sakha kabusha indlela esicacisa ngayo, sivivinya, futhi sisebenzisa la mayunithi.
Kungani Abalandeli Abajwayelekile Behluleka Ngaphansi Komshoshaphansi
Iningi labalandeli bezimboni liyawa ngaphansi kwezimo zesitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba—hhayi ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile, kodwa ngenxa yenhloso yomklamo engafani. Ifeni ye-axial yenhloso evamile ingase inyakaze okungu-120,000 m³/h ku-500 Pa ingcindezi emile ephepheni. Kodwa ngaphansi komhlaba? Ibhekene nomswakama ongu-85% unyaka wonke, umoya ogcwele i-chloride eduze kwamathaneli asogwini, ukudlidliza okuvela ezitimeleni ezidlulayo (kufika ku-12 Hz ku-0.8 mm amplitude), kanye nemajini eyiziro yokukhukhuleka okushisayo. Sibone izinjini zishisa ngokweqile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-90 ngenxa yokuthi isigaba F sashiwo—kodwa amazinga okushisa emhubhe avamile afinyelela ku-52°C phakathi nokusebenza kwasehlobo.
Iphuzu lokwehluleka langempela alikona ukugeleza komoya—ukwethembeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehlanganisiwe. Izidingo ezintathu ezingaxoxiswana zihlukanisa amayunithi ebanga elingaphansi kwesitoko sekhathalogi:
- Isitifiketi sokuvikela ukuqhuma (i-GB 3836.1–2021) yezindawo ezithandwa yi-methane noma imigudu yomhubhe webhethri
- Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuvikela i-IP55+, enamabhere avalwe nge-silicone kanye nezibophelelo zensimbi engagqwali
- Ibhalansi enamandla ibanga G2.5 noma elingcono, kuqinisekiswe ku-110% wesivinini esikhulu sokusebenza—hhayi nje isivinini esilinganiselwe
Ngaphandle kwazo zontathu, imijikelezo yesondlo incipha ngo-60%. Iklayenti elilodwa lalishintsha abalandeli njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-14 kuze kube yilapho lishintshela kumiklamo ye-axial ephikisanayo enamawindi azimele akabili. Isikhathi sabo esisha: izinyanga ezingama-47.
Uchungechunge lwe-FBD: Yakhelwe Izinto Zangempela Zomhubhe, Hhayi Amashidi Welebhu
Uchungechunge lwe-FBD (dⅠ) oluvikela ukuqhuma komjovo ophikisayo wokugeleza kwe-axial wokungenisa umoya luxazulula lokho abalandeli bomhubhe okuvamile abakuzibayo: isilawuli esiqondisayo kanye nokusabela kwesikhashana. Umhlangano wayo wezigaba ezimbili we-rotor—i-impellers yangaphambili nangemuva ezungeza ezinhlangothini eziphambene—iletha ukusebenza kahle kwe-static okuphezulu okungu-22% kunokulingana kwesiteji esisodwa ekukhuphukeni okufanayo kwe-1,800 Pa. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ifinyelela ukugeleza komoya okugcwele phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-2.3 okuqalisa. Lokho kubalulekile lapho ukutholwa kwentuthu kuvusa umoya ngaphambi kokuba ukubonakala kwehle ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10.
Asimane nje sicaphune imininingwane—siyayiqinisekisa. Yonke iyunithi ye-FBD idlula:
- Ukuhlola isifutho sikasawoti samahora angu-48 (ISO 9227) ekugxilweni kwe-NaCl okungu-5%.
- Ukubekezela kokudlidliza ku-15 g ukusheshisa okuphezulu kwemijikelezo eyizigidi eziyi-10
- I-Thermal Runaway simulation: ama-motor windings ashiselwe ku-180 ° C, bese apholiswa ngokushesha aze afike ku-20 ° C - aphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-200.
Lokhu akubona ubunjiniyela obudlulele. Ifanisa ihadiwe nemvilophu yokusebenza. Uma umlilo womhubhe ufinyelela ku-600°C, abalandeli abaseduze kufanele basinde ekushiseni okukhazimulayo isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze basule imizila yokuphunyuka. Amayunithi e-FBD aphumelele izivivinyo zokuchayeka zemizuzu engama-90 ku-750 ° C ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo.
Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Akukona Inketho-Kudingeka I-Physics
"I-off-the-shelf" ayitholakali kubalandeli bomhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba. Ububanzi bomhubhe, i-gradient, imvamisa yesitimela, kanye nephrofayela yomthwalo womlilo ibeka i-geometry yabalandeli, hhayi izincwajana zokumaketha. Umhubhe ongu-5.8 m ububanzi one-gradient engu-3% udinga i-blade twist ne-hub ratio ehlukile kune-4.2 m flat-section bore—ngisho noma kokubili kudinga u-150,000 m³/h.
Siqala yonke iphrojekthi ngedatha eqoqwe emkhakheni—hhayi ukucabangela. Onjiniyela bethu bayakala:
- Ambient particulate density (PM₁₀ kanye PM₂.₅) ngaphezu kwamahora angu-72
- Isisekelo sokugxila kwe-CO₂ kanye ne-NOₓ phakathi nesevisi ephezulu
- Izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni zamagumbi abalandeli
Leyo datha idonsa izinqumo alikho ishidi elikhethekile elingakwazi: ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-titanium alloy blades (ukumelana ne-chloride), noma ngabe kushumeka ama-thermocouples kuma-motor windings (ngokuvalwa kokuqagela), noma ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ukuxhumana kwebhasi le-CAN ukuze kubike isimo sesikhathi sangempela ku-SCADA. Isayithi elilodwa le-Guangzhou Line 11 lifune abalandeli be-centrifugal abangagqwali ngamakesi e-Hastelloy C-276—ngoba amanzi angaphansi komhlaba pH abe ngu-3.2. Insimbi yekhabhoni ejwayelekile ibizogqwala ezinyangeni eziyi-11.
Bheka Ngalé Kwefeni—Bheka Uhlelo
Umlandeli womhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba muhle kuphela njengokuhlanganiswa kwawo. Sibone abalandeli bezinga eliphezulu behluleka ngenxa yokuthi abakaki abakhuphukayo bazwakala ku-42 Hz—imvamisa efanayo neyezitimela zezimoto eziyi-8 ezidlulayo. Ukulungiswa kwakungeyena umlandeli omusha. Ishuniwe ama-dampers amaningi ashiselwe ohlakeni lokusekela kanye namaphedi okuhlukanisa anokubekezela okungu-0.035 mm kokuchezuka.
Ukuphepha kweqiniso kuvela ekucabangeni kwesistimu: ukumodela kokugeleza komoya (kusetshenziswa i-ANSYS Eshelelayo enejiyomethri yomhubhe wangempela), ukwelashwa kwe-acoustic (ukugcina umsindo ungaphansi kuka-85 dBA eziteshini ze-opharetha), kanye ne-redundancy architecture (ukumiswa kwe-N+1 ngokushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo Umthamo weTunway Subway imikhumbi enamajika e-torque-slip, imibiko yokuhlanekezelwa kwe-harmonic, nezifinyezo zokuhlola ukuhambisana kuka-electromagnetic—hhayi nje umaki we-CE.
Ukuthembeka akuzuzwa efekthri. Kufakazelwa emhubheni-usuku nosuku, ukubhoboza umlilo ngemva kokubhoboza umlilo, iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kweshumi leminyaka. Yingakho sakhela ukushintsha okubi kakhulu, ihlobo elishisa kakhulu, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamandla okude kakhulu. Ngoba lapho intuthu igcwala ephaseji, akukho "okwanele ngokwanele." Kukhona kuphela okusebenzayo.
